What kind of argument would te give for, o against, evolution?

For is pretty simple - we've got a lot of scientific evidence to prove it. Fossils and Bones provide quite a bit of that, but there's also plenty in the microbial world to go off of. I could get più detailed here, but really it's an argument between evidence and speculation.

I think the biggest reason for is anatomy. Our own skeletal structure has remains of a tail bone. If we never ever had some ancestor that had a tail that we evolved from, why do we have part of a tail bone?

Whales and dolphins have hips and fingers. Sharks and pesce have proven that the finger Bones aren't needed for living in the water (they don't have them), and the whale's and dolphin's hips aren't attached to the spine. They're free floating, and don't actually help them swim. If whales and dolphins hadn't evolved from some animal that once lived on land, why have Bones that serve no purpose?

Evolution is a scientific fact that changes its' visualizzazioni based on what's observed around it. Scientists and philosophers for thousands of years have watched life on Earth and in the universe and noted down the changes and what they have discovered.
For example the Greek philosopher Aristotle observed life being born/built and then dying/torn down. From that theory he invented "matter" the "essence of things" from which everything is made and can only be destroyed if there is nothing of the aforementioned left.
If te look through history te will see we how far we have come as human beings thanks to evolution, from being little monkeys in trees (as Bri-Marie detto humans have the remnants of tail bones) to humans who did nothing più the squat in mud huts and eat raw meat all the way to how we are today. Evolution is the growth of all things, we are growing as a human civilization, with the invention of new technology, a system of hierarchy etc.
Even animali and as Whiteflame55 said, even bacteria are evolving to ensure their safety and survival in an ever changing world/universe. New species of birds and beetles are being discovered each year, a branch family to one that has traveled on this Earth for centuries, which has changed their DNA in such a way as to ensure their safety. New vaccines are needing to be made as bacteria mold themselves. Swine flu, bird flu etc are all new diseases and illness caused da either bacterial o fungal microbes evolving.
Even the universe is evolving, even if we can't see it. The sun's solar flares that happen every 11years, evolution. The birth and death of every star, nebula, galaxy - evolution.

Evolution is amazing, and though i doubt we humans will ever understand it fully o even still be here when it's end comes, it's a wonderful subject and one i take a great interest in.

I was going to leave my response in a commento on bri-marie's answer, but I'm a nerd so this blew up into massive comment. bri-marie mentioned the tail-bone as an evolutionary leftover. For me, the human body is really the greatest evidence for evolutionary theory. For example, the expansion of our voice box (for più varied and intricate speech) led to the rather inconvenient re-arrangement of our oesophagus and trachea. Now we can't breathe and eat at the same time, hence the human tendency to choke. Other animals, while it is possible, are highly unlikely to choke because their breathing system and their eating system do not intersect like ours does. On the other hand, no other animal has the same kind of speech that we have...
te really can find stuff like this in every nook and cranny in the human body. The evolution of the human brain and what that has meant for the skull and the skeleton complessivamente, generale is fascinating. Bipedalism also had a big impact on everything from our brains to our hands to Bones to sex to birth to body hair etc etc.
And that's just the human body. This stuff is literally endless.
So that is where I would start any argument for evolution.

I don't think I'll have enough space. First, I will present arguement against Evolution. Then, I'm going to present arguement for Evolution. Though, I hardly have any arguement against it.
----Against----
Mathematically Evolution is not possible.
The basic theory of evolution is that genes undergo random changes called mutations that produce new and different genes. These new, different genes may produce functional proteins that undergo natural selection to give the organism a distinct survival advantage in its particular environment. The combination of these changes eventually, over time, lead to the development of new species.
Let us examine, mathematically, the time required for the development of a single gene that codes for a functional protein,which is the first step, in order for the evolution process to be considered a viable theory. Let us assume that this gene contains 150 codons each coding for an amino acid thus forming a small protein of 150 amino acids for a bacterial species (bacterial genes usually code for proteins over 330 amino acids). Since each codon on the gene couldcode for 1 of the 20 different amino acids, the amount of possible proteins that could be formed is 20 150 (1.4 x 10 195).
Current scientific findings have shown that 1 in every 10 77 proteins formed from a 150 amino acid protein molecule is functional (Douglas Axe - Cambridge Biochemist). This would mean that for every 1 x 10 77 mutations, a potential functional 150 amino acid protein could be formed which could then undergo natural selection.
Let us now calculate the total number of mutations that could occur in a dense bacterial colony similar to your intestinal colon environment, (4 x 10 11 bacteria permm 3) which covers the entire surface of the earth (5 x 10 20 mm 2) and extends 100 kilometers (1 x 108 mm) upwards to the point where it is considered that the atmosphere meets outer space(Karman's Line). Let us also say that this colony ofbacteria has been around since the beginning of the earth 4.5 billion years fa (4.5 x 10 9 years) and actively multiplying and mutating since. We will also assume that the maximum mutation rate of 150 codons for this gene is occurring with every bacterial division. Bacteria usually divide every 9.8 minuti which is equivalent to 5.37x 10 4 division per year.
The total number of mutations therefore would be:
4 x 10 11 x 5 x 1020 x 1 x 10 8 x 4.5 x 10 9 x 150 x5.37 x 10 4 = 7.2 x 10 56 mutations
Based on our calculation we would still require considerably più time to cover the period necessary to form one functional small protein despite the extremely generous and improbable hypothesis in favor of mutation and evolution.
i.e. 4.5 x 10 9 x 1 x 10 77 / 7.2 x 10 56 = 625 x 10 27 years o 625 billion, billion, billion years.
This process would need to be repeated at least 3200 times for the average bacterial cell to account for its total gene pool. In the case of humans with over 25,000 genes with an av